EIP-712 Signature
A structured off-chain signing standard that lets users authorise complex on-chain actions with a single readable signature request.
Also known as: typed data signature, structured data signing, permit signature
Last reviewed: 10 June 2026
EIP-712 is an Ethereum standard that formats signature requests as structured, human-readable data rather than raw hex blobs. Legitimate protocols use it to let users authorise off-chain messages (such as permit approvals or marketplace listings) cheaply, without paying gas for an on-chain transaction.
This standard is heavily abused by drainer kits and ice-phishing campaigns because a single EIP-712 signature can authorise a large token transfer or NFT listing without any on-chain transaction until the attacker chooses to submit it. The victim may not realise anything happened. Wallets that display decoded EIP-712 data help users understand what they are signing, but many wallets still show only "Sign Message" without detail.
Consumers should never sign any EIP-712 request from a site they did not actively navigate to, and should verify that the displayed domain in the signature request matches the legitimate protocol.