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ScamEncyclopedia
High risk

Health & Medical Scams

Health and medical scams exploit fear, hope and urgency around illness. They range from fake online pharmacies and 'miracle cure' products to bogus health insurance, fake clinical trials and medical identity theft. Beyond the financial loss, some of these scams put your health and personal data directly at risk. The defences are to verify providers through official registers, never buy prescription medicines from unverified sellers, and treat 'guaranteed cure' claims as a warning sign.

23 scam types in Health & Medical Scams

Fake Online Pharmacy Scams

Critical risk

Websites posing as licensed pharmacies that sell counterfeit, substandard, or entirely absent medications — and harvest payment details.

Miracle Cure Scams

High risk

Products falsely claiming to cure, prevent, or treat serious medical conditions — exploiting people seeking hope or alternatives to conventional treatment.

Fake Health Insurance Scams

Critical risk

Fraudulent policies that collect premiums but provide no real coverage, leaving victims with large medical bills.

Medical Identity Theft

High risk

Criminals use your identity to obtain medical treatment, prescriptions, or insurance benefits — leaving you with fraudulent records and unexpected bills.

Fake Weight-Loss Product Scams

Medium risk

Products claiming to cause significant weight loss without diet or exercise changes — often sold via aggressive subscription traps.

Fake Clinical Trial Scams

High risk

Fraudulent 'research' opportunities that extract fees, personal information, or expose participants to harm under the guise of medical studies.

Fake Medical Equipment Scams

High risk

Counterfeit, substandard, or never-delivered medical devices sold online — from PPE to oxygen concentrators and diagnostic devices.

Fake Mental Health App Scams

High risk

Apps and platforms claiming to provide professional therapy or mental health support that harvest sensitive data, impose hidden subscription fees, or provide no qualified support.

Fake Addiction Treatment Scams

Critical risk

Fraudulent rehabilitation centres and programmes that exploit people seeking help for substance use — taking payment without providing proper care.

Fake Dental and Vision Plan Scams

High risk

Plans marketed as dental or vision insurance that provide minimal or no real coverage, often structured as unregulated discount schemes.

Counterfeit Medicine Supply Scams

Critical risk

Criminal supply chains that distribute counterfeit, adulterated, or substandard branded medicines through unofficial channels, causing direct health harm alongside financial loss.

Fake Supplement Subscription Scams

Medium risk

Heavily marketed health supplements sold through deceptive free-trial offers that hide recurring high-cost subscription charges in difficult-to-cancel billing arrangements.

Fake Medical Crowdfunding Scams

High risk

Fraudulent fundraising campaigns that fabricate or exaggerate medical emergencies to collect donations from generous individuals, with funds going to the scammer rather than any genuine patient.

Fake Weight Loss Program Subscription Scam

High risk

Fraudulent diet and weight loss programs that charge recurring subscription fees for coaching, meal plans, or supplements that are never delivered or have no meaningful effect.

Fake Online Therapy and Counselling Scam

High risk

Fraudulent therapy platforms or individuals posing as qualified counsellors who collect payments for sessions with unqualified or non-existent practitioners.

Fake Clinical Trial Recruitment Scam

High risk

Fraudulent notices recruiting participants for fake medical trials, collecting fees or personal information under the guise of legitimate research.

Telemedicine Platform Fraud

High risk

Fake or unregistered online consultation services that charge patients for worthless or dangerous medical advice, collect sensitive health data, and issue illegitimate prescriptions.

Healthcare Billing Fraud

High risk

Patients are charged for services never rendered, billed for more expensive treatments than received, or enrolled in programmes without consent — leaving them with inflated medical bills.

Prescription Discount Card Scams

Medium risk

Fake or misleading pharmacy discount cards that charge membership fees for minimal savings, harvest personal health data, or misrepresent themselves as insurance.

Fake Medical Alert Device Scams

High risk

Fraudulent personal emergency response devices sold to older adults or people with health conditions that do not work, charge hidden subscription fees, or are never delivered.

Surrogacy Agency Scams

High risk

Fake surrogacy agencies, brokers, and 'surrogates' collect huge upfront fees, fake escrow deposits, and expense payments for journeys that never happen — often across borders.

Telehealth Prescription Mill Scams

High risk

Sham online 'clinics' charge consultation fees and rubber-stamp prescriptions for weight-loss drugs, stimulants, and other in-demand medicines with no real medical assessment — or take payment and insurance details and deliver nothing, or something unsafe.

Medical Debt Forgiveness & Settlement Scams

High risk

Scammers posing as hospitals, charities, or government programs offer to 'erase', 'settle', or 'qualify you for forgiveness of' medical debt — for an upfront fee, monthly payments diverted to themselves, or the personal and insurance data the pitch is built to harvest.