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Attackers exploit DeFi protocols that rely on manipulable price oracles, artificially distorting asset prices within a transaction to drain protocol liquidity or trigger fraudulent liquidations.
PaymentAttackers send tiny cryptocurrency amounts to many wallets to track fund flows and link wallet addresses to real-world identities, enabling targeted fraud or extortion.
PaymentAttackers accumulate governance tokens or exploit flash-loan voting power to pass malicious proposals that drain a DAO's treasury or modify protocol parameters in their favor.
PlatformFake forex trading operations recruit via Telegram, promise guaranteed currency-exchange profits, collect deposits, then steal funds through fake brokers or vanishing signal services.
PaymentInvestment fraud operations collect funds through bank transfers, paying early investors with later investors' money to maintain the illusion of legitimate returns.
PlatformFraudsters use X/Twitter to artificially inflate the price of thinly traded stocks or tokens, then sell their positions at peak prices, leaving other investors with losses.
PaymentFraudsters trick victims into authorizing bank transfers through impersonation, urgency, and social engineering, exploiting the instant and often irreversible nature of electronic bank payments.
PlatformHigh-pressure sales callers push worthless or non-existent investments over the phone, using professional scripts and urgency to extract payments before victims can research the opportunity.
PaymentFraudulent bullion dealers or storage programs collect bank transfers for gold, silver, or platinum investments that do not exist or cannot be delivered or redeemed.
PaymentFraudulent carbon credit brokers collect bank transfers for worthless or non-existent emission certificates, exploiting interest in ESG and climate investing.
PaymentFraudulent fractional real estate schemes collect bank transfers for shares in properties that do not exist, are already sold, or are controlled by dishonest operators who pocket investor funds.
PlatformFraudsters post lifestyle images on Instagram claiming they can multiply cash deposits through secret banking exploits, collecting payments from followers who never receive a return.
PlatformUnlicensed social media personalities on Instagram promote high-risk or fraudulent investment products to their followers without regulatory authorization or adequate risk disclosures.
PlatformFraudulent Telegram bots claim to use artificial intelligence to generate consistent investment returns, collecting deposits that are never returned while showing fabricated profit dashboards.
PlatformTelegram channels sell AI-generated trading signals at premium prices, claiming machine-learning accuracy, but deliver generic or fabricated calls that produce consistent losses for subscribers.
PaymentFraudulent trading platforms claiming to use AI automation accept cryptocurrency deposits, display fabricated profits, then block all withdrawals and disappear with investor funds.
PlatformFraudsters use Discord to trade fake, stolen, or non-existent in-game skins and virtual currency, collecting real money or items before disappearing without delivering what was promised.
PlatformFraudsters on Discord offer to recover banned accounts, boost rankings, or unlock achievements for a fee, delivering nothing or compromising the victim's account in the process.
PlatformFake generator sites and Discord bots promise free in-game currency for popular games but steal account credentials, install malware, or funnel players through endless surveys that never deliver.
PlatformSellers on Discord offer deeply discounted game keys that were purchased with stolen payment methods, and when the fraudulent purchase is charged back the key is revoked, leaving the buyer without the game.
PlatformFraudulent mod loaders and cheats distributed through Discord contain malware that steals account credentials, cryptocurrency wallet data, and personal files from the victim's computer.
PlatformFraudulent esports tournament organizers and unregulated betting operators on Discord collect entry fees or wagers but never pay out winnings or fabricate match results to ensure the house always wins.
PlatformFraudsters posing as item buyers or marketplace administrators on Discord charge upfront fees before completing a purchase or trade, then disappear with the fee and the victim's items.
PlatformHow callers posing as immigration or visa enforcement officers use phone calls to pressure victims into making payments to avoid fake deportation or arrest.
PlatformHow fraudulent emails impersonating a national census bureau harvest personal and financial information from recipients under the guise of a mandatory population survey.
PlatformHow callers impersonating child support enforcement agencies use threatening phone calls to coerce parents into making fraudulent payments.
PlatformHow fraudulent emails impersonating passport agencies collect application fees and personal documents from people who believe they are renewing their passports through official channels.
PlatformHow callers impersonating health insurance marketplaces or government healthcare programs enroll victims in worthless plans or steal personal data during open enrollment periods.
PlatformHow fraudulent emails impersonating electoral registration authorities steal personal information by directing voters to fake registration portals ahead of elections.
PlatformHow emails impersonating courts and traffic enforcement bodies pressure recipients into paying fraudulent fines through official-looking portals.
PlatformHow callers impersonating FEMA and disaster relief agencies target disaster survivors with fraudulent aid applications that steal personal information and application fees.
PlatformHow fraudulent emails mimicking official court e-summons notifications pressure recipients into clicking malicious links or paying to 'reschedule' hearings.
PlatformHow text messages impersonating government agencies trick citizens into installing malicious apps that steal credentials, banking details, and personal data.
PlatformHow phishing emails targeting healthcare portals and insurance accounts enable fraudsters to steal medical identities, obtain prescriptions, and submit fraudulent insurance claims.
PlatformHow Facebook Marketplace and Facebook Groups are used to sell counterfeit, non-functional, or simply non-existent medical equipment to patients and caregivers.
PlatformHow fraudulent callers posing as addiction treatment placement services steer vulnerable individuals and families toward fake or unqualified treatment facilities.
PlatformHow callers sell worthless dental and vision discount plans that deliver far less coverage than promised, targeting people who lack adequate dental or vision insurance.
PlatformHow health supplement emails use free trial offers to lock consumers into expensive recurring subscriptions hidden in hard-to-find terms.
PlatformHow fraudulent medical fundraising posts on Facebook exploit compassion by fabricating or exaggerating illnesses to collect donations that never reach a real patient.
PlatformHow weight loss program emails use dramatic before-and-after testimonials and trial offers to enroll consumers in expensive subscriptions that deliver little or nothing.
PlatformHow fraudulent online therapy emails attract people seeking mental health support and either collect fees for non-existent sessions or connect them with unlicensed practitioners.
PlatformHow fraudulent clinical trial invitation emails collect participation fees or personal data from people hoping to access cutting-edge treatments.
PlatformHow fraudulent telemedicine callers exploit the growth of legitimate telehealth to collect insurance information, bill for services not rendered, and sell unneeded prescriptions.
PlatformHow fraudulent healthcare billing emails collect personal and insurance information that enables fraudsters to submit claims for services never provided.
PlatformHow callers promote prescription discount cards that claim to save significantly on medication costs but turn out to deliver negligible or no savings.
PlatformHow callers target seniors and caregivers with free or subsidised medical alert devices that come with expensive hidden monthly monitoring contracts.
PlatformHow callers posing as mortgage relief specialists prey on homeowners facing foreclosure, collecting upfront fees for help that never materialises.
PlatformHow fraudulent emails offer loan modification services to struggling homeowners, collecting fees and sensitive financial documents before vanishing.
PlatformHow fraudulent rent-to-own property offers on Facebook collect option fees and deposits from people who never gain any legal interest in the property.
PlatformHow fraudsters intercept real estate transactions by compromising email accounts and redirecting closing funds to bank accounts they control.
PlatformHow fraudulent property listings on Facebook collect holding deposits or first-month rent for properties the lister does not own or that do not exist.
PlatformHow callers persuade homeowners in financial distress to sign over property equity through deceptive sale-leaseback or loan arrangements that leave them with nothing.
PlatformHow rogue moving companies provide low initial quotes by phone and then dramatically inflate charges on moving day, holding belongings hostage until the inflated fee is paid.
PlatformHow callers market fraudulent rent-to-own property programmes by phone, collecting option fees and monthly rent premiums without providing any valid ownership pathway.
PlatformHow fraudulent emails impersonating estate agents collect holding deposits from property buyers or renters for properties they have no authority to let or sell.
PlatformHow fraudulent room listings and fake roommate searches on Facebook collect deposits and advance rent from people seeking shared housing.
PlatformHow phishing emails collect fragments of real consumer data that are combined with fabricated details to create synthetic identities used for large-scale financial fraud.
PlatformHow fraudulent callers specifically target older adults to steal personal and financial information that enables identity theft, fraudulent account opening, and benefits fraud.
PlatformHow email-based data breaches and phishing campaigns targeting healthcare organisations expose detailed medical identity records used for prescription fraud and benefit claims.
PlatformHow fraudsters submit change of address forms on behalf of victims to redirect financial mail, intercept statements, and enable identity theft and account takeover.
PlatformHow thieves intercept physical mail from letterboxes, shared mail areas, and postal redirects to harvest financial documents and enable identity theft.
PlatformHow fraudsters obtain the personal details of recently deceased individuals through obituaries and estate mail to open credit accounts and submit fraudulent claims.
PlatformHow fraudulent job offer emails and fake employer onboarding processes harvest tax and banking details used to commit employment tax fraud and benefits theft.
PlatformHow fraudulent work-from-home job offers land in inboxes, promising easy remote income while harvesting personal data or extracting upfront fees.
PlatformHow email-delivered job offers require victims to pay registration, training, or membership fees with the false promise of earning it back through work.
PlatformHow fraudulent 'parcel manager' or 'quality control inspector' job offers delivered by email turn victims into unwitting accomplices in stolen-goods trafficking.
PlatformHow fraudulent recruiters on LinkedIn use convincing job interview processes to harvest personal data, extract fees, or deliver malware to job seekers.
PlatformHow fraudulent LinkedIn job offers progress to forged employment contracts designed to extract personal data, upfront fees, or bank account access from victims.
PlatformHow fraudulent job offers spread through Telegram channels and group chats, leading victims through fake work tasks before demanding cryptocurrency payments or trapping them in pig-butchering schemes.
PlatformHow fake data entry job offers delivered by email extract upfront fees, harvest personal data, or deliver no work in exchange for registration payments.
PlatformHow Telegram-based fake app and product review jobs entrap victims in escalating cryptocurrency deposit schemes disguised as task-completion work.
PlatformHow multi-level marketing recruitment fraud spreads through Facebook groups, personal profiles, and Messenger to sign victims up for money-losing product distribution schemes.
PlatformHow fraudulent government job offers delivered by email use official-looking branding and application processes to extract fees and personal data from job seekers.
PlatformHow fake talent scouts and model agencies use Instagram to recruit victims into paying for unnecessary photoshoots, portfolio fees, and training that lead nowhere.
PlatformHow a decades-old postal job fraud has migrated to email, still promising easy home-based earnings for stuffing envelopes while extracting starter kit fees and revealing the 'secret' is to recruit others.
PlatformHow fraudulent nanny, caregiver, and elderly care job postings on Facebook extract fees, deliver fraudulent cheques, or expose victims to personal safety risks.
PlatformHow fraudulent virtual and personal assistant job listings on LinkedIn extract personal data, fees, and access credentials from applicants under the guise of professional remote roles.
PlatformHow fraudulent internship offers delivered by email require students and recent graduates to pay placement fees, insurance bonds, or administrative charges for non-existent positions.
PlatformHow fraudulent job offers delivered by email require victims to purchase bogus certifications or training courses as a condition of employment that never materialises.
PlatformHow Telegram-based fake AI data labelling and annotation jobs use small initial payments and task dashboards to trap victims in cryptocurrency deposit cycles.
PlatformHow email-based fake logistics coordinator jobs recruit victims to receive and forward packages purchased with stolen payment cards, exposing them to criminal liability.
PlatformHow misleading commission-only job listings on LinkedIn lure victims with implied salary promises before revealing the role has no base pay, while extracting personal data and sometimes upfront costs.
PlatformHow AI-generated fake candidate profiles on LinkedIn deceive employers and how fraudulent AI CV creation services scam job seekers with false promises of guaranteed interviews.
PlatformHow unlicensed notarios and fake immigration consultants use email to deceive immigrants with false legal authority, filing fraudulent documents and collecting fees for services they cannot legally provide.
PlatformHow fraudulent attorneys and fake law firm emails deceive immigrants with fabricated legal credentials, collecting large fees for immigration applications they never file or file fraudulently.
PlatformHow fraudulent online citizenship test preparation services use email to charge immigrants for unofficial study materials, fake practice exams, or guaranteed-pass schemes that provide no real benefit.
PlatformHow phone-based fraudsters impersonate government immigration authorities to demand fees for fake work permits, visa extensions, or expedited processing that do not exist.
PlatformHow fraudulent emails claim recipients are entitled to compensation from a legal settlement, then extract processing fees or personal data before any payout is released.
PlatformHow bogus class action claim emails persuade recipients to submit personal data or pay processing fees for non-existent litigation payouts.
PlatformHow fraudulent callers impersonate process servers, debt collection attorneys, or law enforcement to coerce immediate payment for supposed outstanding debts under threat of lawsuit or arrest.
PlatformHow fraudulent online notarisation and apostille services collect fees for falsified or worthless document authentications that can cause serious legal and immigration consequences.
PlatformHow phone-based fraudsters impersonate immigration officials or consultants to demand fees from asylum seekers for application processing, case acceleration, or status protection.
PlatformHow fraudulent giveaway and competition posts on Facebook harvest personal data, charge claim fees, or steal account credentials from users who believe they have won a prize.
PlatformHow fraudulent mystery shopper and prize-linked job offers arrive by email, combining a work opportunity with a prize notification to extract fees and deliver fraudulent cheques.
PlatformHow fraudulent online raffle and charity draw posts on Facebook collect ticket payments for prizes that are never awarded, while often impersonating legitimate charities or fundraisers.
PlatformHow mailers designed to look like official prize notification packages pressure recipients into purchasing magazine subscriptions or products to claim prizes they have not won.